Which technique should a respiratory therapist include in instructions for a home-care patient with COPD to minimize ventilatory distress?

• A. Avoid all activities of daily living that increase ventilatory demand
• B. Breath at a higher rate but smaller breaths
• C. Hold breath for 1-2 seconds before exhalation when in distress
• D. Use pursed-lip breathing

Answer: (D)

Using pursed-lip breathing is an effective technique for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to manage ventilatory distress. This method involves inhaling slowly through the nose and exhaling through pursed lips, similar to blowing out a candle. The technique helps to maintain airway patency and improve gas exchange by slowing down the breathing rate and prolonging exhalation. This extended exhalation can prevent airway collapse and promote the removal of trapped air in the lungs, leading to a reduction in dyspnea (shortness of breath) and an overall sense of control while breathing.

Pursed-lip breathing can also help to improve overall ventilation and reduce the work of breathing during activities, allowing patients to engage in daily activities with less discomfort. It is a practical and teachable method that patients can easily use during episodes of difficulty breathing.