What intervention would be most helpful for a 70-year-old male patient presenting with shortness of breath and expiratory wheezes?

• A. Osmitrol (Mannitol)
• B. Dexamethasone (Decadron)
• C. Comolyn sodium (Intal)
• D. Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Answer: (D)

Ipratropium bromide, commonly known by its brand name Atrovent, is an effective bronchodilator that specifically works to relieve symptoms associated with bronchospasm. In the case of a 70-year-old male patient presenting with shortness of breath and expiratory wheezes, it is crucial to address these symptoms promptly. Ipratropium works by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, leading to relaxation of the airways and improved airflow.

This medication is particularly beneficial for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, where wheezing and difficulty breathing can result from bronchoconstriction. The rapid onset of action provides immediate relief of respiratory distress, making it a suitable choice in acute situations.

Other options may not be as effective for treating the specific symptoms of wheezing and shortness of breath. For instance, dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that may reduce inflammation but does not provide immediate bronchodilation. Likewise, mannitol is primarily a diuretic and is not relevant for bronchospasm. Cromolyn sodium serves as a preventive measure for asthma symptoms but is not used as a quick-relief